If you read the “Medieval Machine” by Jean Gimpel, you will come across examples of this kind of energy storage going back thousands of years …
It is simple a PE (potential energy) storage system or abstract dam …
Dams are PE batteries – they store energy as water held at a certain height, and then releasing this stored PE translates to electricity in the turbine/generator system …
Link: https://www.zerohedge.com/energy/could-gravity-batteries-win-energy-storage-war
A. J. From Florida and I discussing this in 2019 …